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XMPP is a fantastically simple protocol that’s usually used as a messenger. It’s highly extensible, better than IRC, lighter and more decentralized than Matrix, and normie social media like Telegram can’t hold a candle to it. XMPP is so decentralized and extensible that there are many different XMPP servers. Here, let’s set up a Prosody XMPP server. Installation To install Prosody, first add the official Prosody repositories for Debian: # Install extrepo if you already haven't apt install extrepo enable prosody apt update Then, install Prosody: apt install prosody Configuration The Prosody configuration file is in /etc/prosody/prosody.cfg.lua . To set it all up, we will be changing several things. Setting Admins Let’s go ahead and set who our admin(s) will be. Find the line that says admins = { } and to this we can specify one or more server admins. # To add one admin: admins = { "chad@example.org" } # We can add more than one by separating them by commas. (This file is written in Lua.) admins = { "chad@example.org", "chadmin@example.org" } Note that we have not created these accounts yet, we will do this below . Set the Server URL Find the line VirtualHost "localhost" and replace localhost with your domain. In our case, we will have VirtualHost "example.org" Multi-User Chats Most people will probably want the ability to have chats with more than two users. This is easily enough to enable. In the config file, add the following: Component "chat.example.org" "muc" modules_enabled = { "muc_mam" } restrict_room_creation = "admin" On the first line, you must have a separate subdomain for your multi-user chats. I use the chat. subdomain, but some use muc. . Anything is possible. The second line is important because it prevents non-admins from creating and squatting rooms on your server. The only situation where you might not want that is if you indend to open a general public chat system for people you don’t know. Read more about the muc plugin on the Prosody documentation page here . Enabling Chat Histories By default, Prosody will send out messages received only to the first available clients. That means that if you have your desktop client turned off and your cell phone receives a message, it will not be available to the desktop client when you start it. While this may be preferred in some cases, enable the mam module (Message Archive Management) to have the server hold on messages and sync them to all clients. Within the modules_enabled block, you can uncomment the mam line to enable it. You can see other settings for this module here like, for example, how long a server should hold on to message histories for synching. Note also that Prosody comes with the carbons activated module by default, which is related. This will send received messages to all active clients (your phone and desktop), although it will not save messages like MAM for clients not online or to be added later. File sharing With this we can bring XMPP to the level of other popular instant messaging applications like Matrix and whatsapp. It is extremely easy to setup. This part is optional, but it can make XMPP more normie-friendly if you plan on moving family members and friends over to XMPP. Add the following line to your prosody config file to enable file uploads: Component " uploads.example.org " "http_file_share" As you will notice, you need another subdomain for this. We will add an ssl certficate for this later. Proxy Support This helps with file transfers for devices behind a NAT, and unless you are using XMPP in a LAN, you probably need this. Enable the proxy by adding the following line to the config: Component " proxy.example.org " "proxy65" As you can see, another subdomain is needed. We will add ssl certificates for this later. At this point, file sharing is now setup and ready to be used. Although there are some concerns that should be addressed. A big concern with file sharing is large files, seeing as all files shared over XMPP will be stored on your server. This can become a problem when many (and large) files are being shared. We can put a cap on large files by adding the following line to our config: http_file_share_size_limit = 20971520 This puts a 20MB cap on all files being shared. The value is specified in bytes. You can also specify after how long files should be deleted by adding the following line: http_file_share_expire_after = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7 The value is specified in seconds. The above line will make prosody delete files after a week. Database Setup Prosody includes the internal and sql storage backends by default. If you wish to run Prosody with PostgreSQL, begin by installing the PostgreSQL: apt install postgresql lua-dbi-postgresql Then start the daemon: systemctl restart postgresql Now create a user named prosody to manage your database: su -c "createuser --pwprompt prosody" postgres And finally, create the actual database: su -c "psql -c 'CREATE DATABASE prosody OWNER prosody;'" postgres Finally, in /etc/prosody/prosody.cfg.lua , edit the following lines: storage = "sql" sql = { driver = "PostgreSQL", database = " prosody ", username = " prosody ", password = " password ", host = "localhost" } Voice and Video Calling Prosody supports XMPP voice and video calls through an external TURN and STUN server. First, follow the guide on installing and setting up coturn, setting only a shared secret for authentication. Then, uncomment the turn_external module in the modules section in prosody.cfg.lua . "turn_external"; Finally, specify the host and credentials lower in the config: - Specify the address of the TURN service (you may use the same domain as XMPP) turn_external_host = " turn.example.org " -- This secret must be set to the same value in both Prosody and the TURN server turn_external_secret = " your shared secret " Other things to check Check the config file for other settings you might want to change. For example, if you want to run a general public XMPP server, you can allow anyone to create an account by changing allow_registration to true . Another thing you can do is enable the csi_simple module, which will add some optimizations for mobile devices. Another thing worth noting is the archive_expires_after = "1w" line. This specifies after how long message archives will be deleted. Also the smacks module helps a lot with slow internet connections. Certificates Obviously, we want to have client-to-server and server-to-server encryption. Nowadays, use can use Certbot to generate certificates and use a convenient command below prosodyctl to import them. If you have multi-user chat enabled, be sure to get a certificate for that subdomain as well. Include the --nginx option assuming you have an Nginx server running. certbot -d chat.example.org --nginx If you have file sharing enabled, be sure to get a certificate for those subdomains as well. certbot -d uploads.example.org --nginx certbot -d proxy.example.org --nginx Once you have the certificates for encryption, run the following to import them into Prosody. prosodyctl --root cert import /etc/letsencrypt/live/ Note that you might get an error that a certificate has not been found if your muc subdomain and your main domain share a certificate. It should still work, this is just notifying you that no specific certificate for the subdomain. Note: The above command will need to be rerun when certificates are renewed. You may want to create a cronjob to have this done automatically. Creating users/admins manually Let’s manually create the admin user we prepared for above. Note that you can indeed do this in your XMPP client if you have not disabled registration, but this is how it is done on the command line: prosodyctl adduser chad@example.org This will prompt you to create a password as well. Make changes active With any system service, use systemctl reload or systemctl restart to make the new settings active: systemctl restart prosody Using your Server! Once your server is set up, you just need an XMPP client to use your new and secure chat system. GNU/Linux: Dino or Gajim Windows: Gajim also runs on Windows. Android: Conversations.im or snikket Mac/iOS: Monal IM or Siskin for iOS alone command-line (GNU/Linux, MacOS, Windows): Profanity See a more complete list kept by XMPP Install whichever of these clients you want on your computer or phone and you can log into your new XMPP server with the account you made. Note that if you enabled public registration, anyone can create an account on your server through one of these clients. Account addresses XMPP account addresses look just like email addresses: username@example.org . You can message any account on any XMPP server on the internet with that format. Note on MUCs (multi-user chats) Remember that MUCs are kept on a separate subdomain that we created and should’ve gotten a certificate for above, for example, chat.example.org . Chatrooms are created and referred to in the following format: #chatroomname@chat.example.org . Note on firewalls and opening ports If you use a firewall, you should open ports 5222 and 5281. The first one is needed for clients to be able to connect to your server. The second is only necessary if you are using the http_file_share module for file sharing, as 5281 is the port for serving content over HTTPS. A complete list of ports used by Prosody can be found here .